abjure: implies a firm and final rejecting or abandoning under oath: candidates for citizenship must ~ allegiance to any foreign power.   （reject断然拒绝peremptory refusal，如he rejected the clothes他拒收衣服）abandon完全抛弃


renounce: often equals abjure but may carry the meaning of disclaim or disown: willing to ~ his lifelong friends.  （disclaim否认有责任或所有权to deny responsibility or ownership，如the school disclaimed any responsibility for his death学校否认对他的死亡有责任；disown否认和自己有联系to deny connection，如you couldn’t be so heartless as to disown him你不能那么狠心,连认都不认他）


forswear: may add to abjure an implication of perjury or betrayal: cannot ~ my principles to win votes.     （perjury伪证to tell untruth in court，如two key witnesses committed perjury at her trial她的庭审中两名关键证人犯了伪证罪）


recant: stresses the withdrawing or denying of something professed or taught: the suspect ~ed his confession and professed his innocence. （profess公开宣称to claim openly,如I don't profess to be an expert我不敢妄称自己是个专家，又如本例professed his innocence宣称自己无罪） withdraw收回、撤退 confess认罪认错，词根fess表示speak,declare说


retract: applies to the withdrawing of a promise, an offer, or an accusation: under threat of lawsuit, the paper ~ed the statement.


abjure宣誓放弃: 宣誓拒绝或抛弃，renounce放弃: 不再声称自己拥有或关联，forswear背叛: 增加了虚假和背叛的意思，recant收回: 收回宣称或教授的，retract收回: 收回指责或承诺


记忆方法: 1）首字母ARFRR中AF想成安抚，RRR想成3个人众人，即安抚众人<==收回指责

        2）收回的意思是收回说的话或观点mean to withdraw one's word or professed belief.